Don t Get Me Wrong Margret Atwood - 1311 Words

In an all too familiar world of the speculative fiction novels of Margret Atwood best known for The Handmaids Tale and Oryx and Crake ,Which lead to the discovery that these tales of a dystopian world and one of love and adventure seem to hit a little too close to home and bring out emotions that may have been dormant. There is no doubt that she is a brilliant writer, but the question that runs through my mind is, which one is superior. Some say that The Handmaid’s tale was all around controversial and that Oryx and crake lacked depth in its characters, but in all the speculation and glorification one stands above the rest The Handmaids Tale. Don’t get me wrong Margret Atwood is no one hit wonder by any means it’s the fact that The†¦show more content†¦Anyway there wouldn t be an answer.† (4.18).They take their commanders name, such as Fred, and preceding them with â€Å"Of.† Offred, this demonstrates the fact that women are treated as less than human. This gives more depth to the character by creating a relation to the story and an overall important theme of using especially women’s bodies as a political and tool. Yes Oryx and crake have Specific names, but they don’t give the character specifically any more depth like in the Handmaids tale they give foreshadowing to the plot, but not to the roundness of the actual characters themselves. Although Jimmy who is the main character of Oryx and Crake have very vivid memories of the past He still lacks depth this is seen Now he can feel Oryx floating towards him through the air, as if on soft feathery wings. She s landing now, settling; she s very close to him, stretched out on her side just a skin s distance away. Miraculously she can fit onto the platform beside him, although it isn t a large platform. If he had a candle or flashlight he d be able to see her, the slender outline of her, and a pale glow against the darkness. If he put out his hand he could t ouch her; but that would make her vanish. (133) this shows that Jimmy’s memories are almost of real life, but it still doesn’t give him any more depth as a character it gives it to the plot making the characters of The Handmaids Tale seemingly

Christianity and Islam A Case for Comparison and Contrast Free Essays

The world is a place marked with essential diversity. In particular, one only has to take world religions as a composite phenomenon to best exemplify the diversified character of human affairs. But much too often, diversity can become a sure catalyst for misgivings and misunderstandings. We will write a custom essay sample on Christianity and Islam: A Case for Comparison and Contrast or any similar topic only for you Order Now This for instance happens when, still pertaining to religion, a person pits on belief system in respect to another, or someone tries to compare one set of doctrines against another. It is thus not surprising to learn that religion was often, and is in fact currently being taken as an unwarranted cause for heated debates, if not for human conflicts all together. In view of the foregoing, it is insightful to note that roadmap of this study aims not at sowing seeds of religious division as collocating the interesting correspondences that may be gleaned from juxtaposing Christianity on the one side of the spectrum, and Islam on the other side of the spectrum. At the very least, the crux of this paper aims at pursuing a successful comparison and contrast between Christianity and Islam. In the process, this paper hopes to appreciate important strains of resemblances between the two religions in question, against the palpable differences that already define them. To this end, the central thesis of this paper lies in arguing that notwithstanding patent differences, Christianity and Islam can in fact manifest elements of correspondences, while upholding respectable uniqueness in their own beliefs. Methodology and Scope Briefly, it needs to be cited that, for purposes of clarification and delineation, this paper employs an expository approach in discussing the major themes of the religions in question. An expository approach is done so as to elucidate on, with significant analyses, the topics that may be deemed appropriate for discussion. Since this paper would not to attempt to exhaustively circumscribe all the aspects pertinent to the two religions, owing much to the limits provided for this particular study, the discussions shall zero in on expounding on the similarities and differences between the two religions in respect to at least three distinct aspects: the role which their own founders play in their respective belief-systems, the quality of the monotheism operative in both religions, and the differing notions of Abraham’s role in their faith and life. Christianity and Islam: A Ponderous Juxtaposition Christianity emerged from a handful of followers of a man named Jesus the Christ, sometime during the first century. Put in other words, the Christian religious phenomenon takes root from a small community that first embraced the teachings of Jesus as a both compelling and sufficient cause to deflect from the more dominant religious force of the time – namely, Judaism. Thus, the â€Å"precipitating cause† of Christianity â€Å"was and is a man named Jesus† (McGrath 1). Which is why, Tavard contends that Christianity is a religious movement that commenced when â€Å"an undetermined number of Jews believed that the prophet Jesus of Nazareth, who has ‘risen from the dead’ was alive in their midst by the power of God’s Spirit† (15); a movement which was greeted with much disdain and skepticism initially. For Christians, Jesus Christ is both the center and crux of their faith. They hold that Jesus Christ is Son of God, who was sent by God the Father to redeem humanity from misery and sinfulness. Consequential to this belief is the equally important ascent to the divinity nature and mission of Jesus Christ here on earth. Thus, Christians unreservedly worship Jesus Christ as a divinity as well. Islam, like Christianity, started too from a small group of community who saw themselves glued by a gripping desire to follow their revered founder in the person of Mohammad. While the faith in Mohammed’s teachings started when Christianity was already an expansive religious force, the historical circumstances defining the emergence of Islam nevertheless manifest unmistakable strains of similarities with the Christian faith. Like Christianity, Islam started on account of one man – Mohammad. And akin to Christianity, the small Mohammedan community was at the onset despised on account of the new faith it embraced (Renard 6). Unlike Christianity however, Islam does not give its founder a respect proper to a divinity. For Moslems, Mohammad is not a god; he is instead a prophet of plain human origin and descent. The prophet however is rendered with unparalleled importance within Islam because it is believed that Allah chose Mohammad to reveal his message (Renard 7). Secondly, herein it is important to cite that the manner in which the Islamic faith refuses to render Mohammad a kind of reverence fit to a divinity reveals only the quality of monotheism which the religion professes. Islamic faith, it has to be mentioned, is operative on a type of monotheism in the strictest sense of the term – i. e. the belief that there is only one god, and that such deity, because he is absolutely supreme, does not have a competing divine force as its rival. Islamic faith believes that Allah – the proper name of God as provided by the Qur’an – is identified as the principle of ‘tawid’ or simply, the unity of God. And â€Å"according to this central Islamic idea, (God) is utterly and inevitably One, a perfect unity (and) uniqueness unto himself† (Gordon 24). Simply put, the Islam religion believes that Allah, and him alone, is the accepted singular expression of divinity. Christianity meanwhile is operative on a unique kind of monotheism. On the one hand, it has to be noted that like Islam, Christianity concurs to a belief that there is only one God to whom unqualified human obedience and worship is due. On the other hand however, Christianity does not subscribe to a radical type of monotheism; for while Christianity believes that God is essentially one, it nonetheless takes such oneness as revelatory of a further sociality within it. Christians call this the Trinitarian unity of the God, or simply, the Trinity. And according to this doctrine, â€Å"the divine life consists in three persons of equal and same nature – the Father, the Son (i. e. , Jesus Christ) and the Holy Spirit (Neuner and Ross 86). As such, the Trinity does not speak of three separate divine entities; otherwise, Christianity would have been best described as a polytheistic rather than monotheistic faith. What this doctrine instead teaches is that the three persons of the Trinity are distinct expressions of that same divine reality which is God. Last but not least, it is certainly insightful to appreciate that both Christianity and Islam places high premium on the role of Abraham in their own profession of faiths. This is because both religions share a belief that the remotest roots of their faith necessarily throw them back to the heritage which Abraham bequeathed thousands of years passed. In fact, both the Christian Bible and the Islamic Qur’an give Abraham a special importance precisely on account of the fact that it was through him that the first strains of monotheistic faith was successfully practiced. Far more essential, both Christianity and Islam see the supreme importance of Abraham’s promethean response to God’s invitation as the primordial inspiration required for living one’s own faith; and this is for the plain reason that Abraham showed how to adore God who requires â€Å"submission to His decrees, even when they are inscrutable† (McLean). Still, it is imperative to carefully note that both Christianity and Islam differ in their particular understandings of their respective Abrahamic heritage. Christians on the one hand believe that Abraham’s faith acts as a precursor to the coming of the Messiah – who is Jesus Christ. The Christian Bible speaks of Abraham as the progenitor to a myriad of descendants commencing through Isaac, his only son to Sarah (Gen 17: 21). Thus, Christianity holds that God’s covenantal relationship with Abraham, and his children, marked the beginning of the long preparation that would welcome the sending of His Son into the world at an appointed time. On the other hand, Islam believes that the great Mohammedan tradition draws directly from the fount of the Abrahamic legacy. In other words, Islam maintains that the Moslems are the direct, nay rightful descendants and legitimate heirs to the heritage of Abraham. This is because the Islamic Qur’an speaks of Ishmael, Abraham’s son to Hagar, as the legitimate heir and the primordial progenitor of the Islamic faith. Ishmael, if only to remind, also figures in the Christian Bible as the son of Abraham to his maidservant Hagar. Both Ishmael and Hagar were thrown out of Abraham’s household â€Å"to find a life of their own† after Isaac was born to Sarah (Maxwell 168). Notwithstanding conflicting narratives, it still can be said that both Christianity and Islam recognize that the gratuitous love of God for humankind is the initial act that brings into play the faith with which both religions so sacredly profess. Conclusion This paper ends with a brief thought that affirms its central thesis expressed hereinabove – i. e. , notwithstanding differences, one can glean unmistakable similarities in juxtaposing the teachings and tenets of both Christianity and Islam. In the discussions, patterns of differences and similarities were discussed in respect to three aspects. First, it was seen that both Christianity and Islam places high regard and respect to their revered founders; second, both religion embrace monotheism as an axiomatic aspect for their respective belief-systems; and third, Christianity and Islam believe that their common Abrahamic heritage lends an initial inspiration to the subsequent coming about of the faith they now both profess. In the end, it must be acknowledged that efforts to draw similarities against the larger backdrop of defining differences surely constitute a welcome avenue not only for inter-religious dialogue but also mutual respect. How to cite Christianity and Islam: A Case for Comparison and Contrast, Papers

Franklin D. Roosevelt The New Deal free essay sample

An examination of Roosevelts New Deal and its attempt to save America from the Great Depression. This paper is about the Great Depression that hit Americans during the 1930s. The author goes into depth about FDRs new deal and how it helped get America out of the depression. Includes information about each program and how it worked. During the 1930s, Americans witnessed a breakdown of the Democratic and free enterprise system as the US fell into the worst depression in history. At the depth of the depression, in 1933, one American worker in every four was out of a job (Conkin 136). During these times the people looked to the federal government for solutions. The president then, Herbert Hoover, did little for the country to get out of the depression, because he believed that the country did not have the power or money for social programs and many people blamed him for the depression. We will write a custom essay sample on Franklin D. Roosevelt: The New Deal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With the economy at an all time low people wanted change, change which Franklin D. Roosevelt offered through his legislative program. This program represented a new way of government for capitalism in America. Roosevelt first used the term New Deal when he accepted the Democratic presidential nomination in 1932. He said I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people, (Morgan 36).

Sports clubs in the UK Essay Example

Sports clubs in the UK Essay Voluntary sports clubs have a big impact on the local community. There are about 150,000 voluntary sports clubs in the UK, 46% of which have been in existence for 30+ years. Between 12.5-14% of the population are members of a voluntary sports club. Voluntary sports clubs like Croygas make a substantial contribution to the community by providing the opportunities for social interaction both for volunteers and participants. They allow people in the local area to get together and socialize with each other which can have a successful impact on the community because people can make new friends and go out and enjoy themselves. This creates a friendly atmosphere within the voluntary clubs which is important because it will attract more people to come and play sports at the club. Croygas Sports Club has a massive impact on the community in that they believe in having the correct ethics and values that will allow everyone from all age, sex, and race to join the club. Voluntary sports clubs encourage members to show respect for each other, fair play, equal opportunity and they encourage members to enjoy themselves. This will have a positive impact on the community because people will be more encouraged to come and join these clubs that have equal opportunity for everyone. This could have a successful impact on the children that get bullied because of their race, religion etc. Croygas will give them the same opportunity as anyone else because they believe that it is important to give everyone equal opportunity to enjoy playing the sport that they love. We will write a custom essay sample on Sports clubs in the UK specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sports clubs in the UK specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sports clubs in the UK specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Croygas is a very successful club and it has a very high reputation for the level of football that is played. There are around about 40-50 adult members at the club, all of which play for the football and cricket teams at the club. Of these adult, a large majority of them use the bar area after matches to have a drink and socialise with other team members of the squads, and some of the squads arrange meals after the matches where they invite the players and their wives to come and dine with each other. More than half of these players have good access to the facility because they all live in the local area. Therefore they can get to the facility easily and they can use the facility as often as possible. Also because of the clubs friendly environment, they will come more often than not to meet new people and socialise. The club benefit financially from the amount of people using the bar. They will take in a lot of money from the public using the bar especially on match days when the bar area will be more packed out with players and their families. Also the amount of money that they receive from sponsorship and membership fees all adds up. This money believe it or not is of great benefit to the community, because with this money the club can refurbish parts of the club and improve the clubs grounds, changing rooms etc. The community will benefit from using a highly developed club and they will enjoy a club that is better decorated and looked after. Croygas is a very successful club, the football teams are doing very well in the top leagues at all age groups. And due to this success, parents have recognised this and feel that they should send their child to this club and therefore the Croygas now has a big youth setup. The improvement in the grounds and equipment and qualified coaches has been beneficial to the club, because it has seen an increase in the amount of players in the youth teams wanting to develop at the club. There are around 80-90 junior players currently playing football, cricket and badminton at this club. Thats about 160 parents that will some time visit the club and socialise. The fact that the parents come to the club and take their children is beneficial because it gives the parents an opportunity to meet the other parents of the squad. Also the children will develop new friends also and they too can learn to socialise as well as playing football. P2- Identify the funding, procedures and systems that are successfully used in voluntary sector sports clubs.  Voluntary sports clubs are funded in a number of ways. They receive annual subscription fees from players from the teams which help massively with the teams buying the equipment that they need. When I was a member at the club, because the pitches at Croygas arent not a good standard we had to hire pitches else where. Also we had to rent out the training facilities, pitches, buy corner flags and linesmen flags, and goal nets, kit and tracksuits. Match fees- People that play in the team matches have to pay a match fees, this is usually à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5-à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10 depending on the importance of the match or the club. The club will make a lot of money through this because they might have a lot of teams in the club like cricket teams, football teams etc and these teams are usually about a 15 man squad.  Grants from governing body such as F.A. will give money to these voluntary sports clubs in order to help the clubs with the funding. Because the government believes in giving opportunity to these clubs, they want to help them create the right conditions for people to use and enjoy using the clubs so the government is giving there full trust to these clubs to use the money wisely. The clubs will get sponsorship deals and the sponsorship companies in return will get advertisement from these clubs. Also lottery funding will help a club with major projects such as flood lighting on pitches, refurbish changing rooms etc. Also clubs set up fund raising events to help the club to raise money e.g. race nights, dinner dance, BBQs, quiz nights, fete, and club days such as 5-a-side football tournaments. These are to help out for projects that the club wants to do.  The government gives money to these voluntary sports clubs e.g. loans, grants. A club might decide to take out a loan from the government in order to cover for the costs of running the club, buying all the equipment, keeping the place neat and tidy etc. the club however will have to pay the government back and they can do this by paying it monthly or annually.

American Obedience essays

American Obedience essays The story I chose to read was If Hitler Asked You to Electrocute a Stranger, Would You? Probably. I chose to read this story because its title appealed to me. I was interested from the very start to find out what the author of this story was talking about. I have also been reading a lot about Hitlers Germany lately, so I have been trying to obtain as much information on this topic as I possibly can. The story told Stanley Milgrams experiments to prove that Germans were more willing to obey than Americans. He set up an experiment to test Americans obedience in New Haven, CT and planned to then take the experiment to Germany to test Germans obedience. He never took the experiment to Germany. He found Americans to be much more obedient than hed expected. The people were not blindly obedient, just obedient. Hen then saw no reason to continue on to Germany. This story was very interesting. It showed, in a way, that something as terrible as what happened in Germany during World War II could happen to any nation and any race of people because of peoples obedience. While most of the participants in Milgrams experiment protested at some point, the majority continued with the experiment. This fact was very disturbing. The people who participated in the experiment were hurting innocent people, and although they realize it was wrong, they continued on, simply because they were told to. Anyone who believes that the only reason that the German nation went along with Hitler was because they were weak people should read about this experiment. It seems as though Americans would have gone along with him as well.. ...

Appropriate vs. Apropos vs. Apt

Appropriate vs. Apropos vs. Apt Appropriate vs. Apropos vs. Apt Appropriate vs. Apropos vs. Apt By Maeve Maddox A reader has asked for a discussion of â€Å"appropriate vs. apropos vs. apt.† All three words may be used as adjectives meaning suitable or pertinent: Your reference to â€Å"The Emperor’s New Clothes† is apropos of the way so many people conform to social expectations rather than think for themselves. I admire your apt choice of words in this article. A rating of â€Å"G† indicates that a movie is appropriate for children. Of the three adjectives, appropriate [uh-PRO-pree-it] is heard more often. Appropriate derives from the past participle of a Latin verb, a combination of ad (to) and proprius (own). Something appropriate â€Å"belongs† to someone or something. Here are some examples of current usage: How Having An Appropriate Level Of Confidence Can Better Your Life By comparing many entertainment jobs, you should be able to get a good idea of the appropriate salary. The young offender could not be questioned without an appropriate adult present Was Lohan’s courtroom attire appropriate? Note: English also has the verb appropriate [uh-PRO-pree-ATE], â€Å"to take possession of.† For example, â€Å"A section of land at St. Clements in Oxfordhas been appropriated to planning purposes to facilitate a regeneration project intended for the area.† Apt is from the Latin word aptus, â€Å"fitted, suited, appropriate.† The adjective derives from a verb meaning â€Å"to fasten, to attach.† The most common use of apt is to describe the fitness or expressiveness of language. Another meaning of apt is â€Å"ready to learn,† as in â€Å"She’s an apt student.† Sometimes apt is a synonym for likely: â€Å"Children are apt to live up to what you believe of them.† Apt can also be used in the sense of â€Å"having an unfortunate tendency, or â€Å"exposed to a risk†: Spanked kids more apt to commit crimes Study: Immigrants who live, work together less apt to learn English The adjectival use of apropos is the least common of the three. I’ve seen forum comments asserting that apropos is â€Å"never a synonym for appropriate.† A French borrowing, apropos functions more often as a preposition or as an adverb. Apropos comes from French propos, â€Å"with regard to this purpose.† As an adjective, it is a synonym for appropriate: My point is rather that it is not  apropos  in every case. The mayor called the cornflake comment â€Å"not apropos† and warned Lukaszuk to be careful of what he says. Your allusion to Josephine Tey’s bit of dialogue was very clever and funnybut not apropos As a preposition, apropos means â€Å"with reference to; concerning†: The principal remarked apropos the new regulations, â€Å"They will cost a lot to implement and do nothing to address the problem.† As an adverb, apropos is most commonly heard in the expression â€Å"apropos of nothing.† The sense is that someone’s comments or actions are completely unrelated to any previous discussion or situation. For example, â€Å"Apropos of nothing, Tom started talking about his root canal.† The usual preposition to follow apropos is of. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:15 Terms for Those Who Tell the FutureOn Behalf Of vs. In Behalf OfCharles's Pen and Jesus' Name

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 22

Case Study Example The issues are therefore into the matters of both principle and divisible, there is a complex number of them as presented in the case. The essential problem might be due to poor management system or the common issue of personal dispute within the human resource. In this case, the first agenda should be about the issue of settlement, allowing the two parties to have active involvement for the gathering of data and information. The interests involve both personal. It is personal in a sense that there are prevailing internal disputes within the human resource, and inclusion of personal future objective. It is corporate in a sense that the entire firm or company is involved in the entire case. Due to determined individual goal of Sai de Leon, something beyond the firm’s, there might be absence of opportunity for agreement to satisfy both parties. The common ground may be the willingness to be compensated for whatever possible loss incurred. However, the areas of conflict between teams might as well be rooted in here. For instance, de Leon would want to be get paid as his/her final intention, but the company might as well would not want to give in knowing that the entire issue could just be solely about personal ambitions and not that beneficial for the entire firm. It is first important to go for legal issues concerning disputes, or complaints as like the kind stated in the case. There are also important cases necessary to back or support the legal issues. Agreements, precedent and history are necessary too, because this will provide opportunity to determine the right possible courses of actions to be taken to satisfy personal goal. This information should be used in the negotiation by citing them and when there is a need to clarify points in order for the two parties to meet half-way or will have full understanding of the entire case, from varying

Analysis on an Operation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Analysis on an Operation - Research Paper Example The activities of the operation management mainly range from the strategic, tactical to operational levels. Tactical issues involve the layout of the plant and structure, the selection of equipment and replacement, and the methods of the project management. On the other hand, the operational issues involves the handling of traffic and materials, the equipment maintenance, the quality inspection and control, the inventory management and production scheduling and control. Operation management therefore focuses on the effectiveness and efficiency of the processes. The nature in which it is carried out in an organization depends on the nature of the products or services in the company such as wholesale, retail or manufacture. Shipper manufacturing company has various operational processes that enable efficient production of its products. The operation process entails the type of product or product design, the product process flow, management of quality, supply chain management, project m anagement or operation scheduling, forecasting and the inventory management. Good management of the operation processes contributes to the well performance of the company. It also helps the company to maintain its production supply and increases The Company’s development as a whole. ... The divisions include the material division (MD), Electrical Products Division (EPD), and the Advanced Product Division (APD). These divisions are located in Faribault. Minnesota. The company holds a good position in sales because of the high efficiency levels. In addition, the company has improved growth and is in a good position on productivity. Analysis of the product and product design Shipper manufacturing company manufactures various products. Some of the products manufactured include electrical products, laminated materials and specialty products. Advanced product division (APD), is a division in the company that manufactures the specialty products. Initially, APD manufactured custom products in very low volumes for the consumers. The consumers got very little products that could not satisfy their desires. However, the division plans to increase the volume of production for the multiple customers. Â  The company therefore would require increasing its operational management in order to maintain its competition in the new environment. APD produces specialty products mainly for the custom orders such as helicopter blade liners, and mine stoppers. In addition, shipper manufacturing company produces many aerostats per year which are sold to different communication companies. Furthermore, they are also sold to some foreign countries and the U.S. government mainly for communication purposes. The operation process flow analysis The production flow involves the movement of various items through the production process. Â  The flow structure or the process flow used in production purposes has various impacts on the operation layout, technological decisions, recourses and the methods used in doing the work. The process flow is a very important aspect in Shipper

Legal Rights Essay Example for Free

Legal Rights Essay Criminals have legal rights during trial procedures. Without these rights there would be so much confusion and controversy in the court system today. There are four of them that I will give a brief summarization of and explain to you the consequences that could possibly happen if these legal rights were no longer upheld in the court system today. They are; the right to confront witnesses, the right to an impartial jury, the right to counsel at trial, and last but not least the right to be competent trial. The right to confront witnesses is legal right. The sixth amendment gives the defendant the right to be confronted by the witnesses against them (Larry J. Siegel, 2012, 2010). This basically gives the right for the defendant to have the witness me to court and give them the ability to look the witness right in the eye. This also gives the defendant’s lawyer the right to question the witness. If this right wasn’t upheld then there would probably be a lot of false statements or accusations in the trial. It would also be hard to confirm whether or not the witness it telling the truth, because anyone can pick up a piece of paper and write down what they want to, but when it comes to looking that person right in the eye it makes a whole lot of difference, because it gives the defense a chance to look at the body language of the witness and also, when it comes to the matching up of the statements, the witness could write down something, but then when it comes to testifying if they are lying then what they wrote down and what they are actually saying could be totally different and if this right was no longer upheld there could be innocent people going to jail or a lot of criminals getting away with the crime that they have committed. Also if the legal right wasn’t upheld how could the jury or the judge go off of a written statement that could have be written by anyone, if this right wasn’t upheld, then there would be so many written statements on both sides, because they wouldn’t have to testify during trial, it would be a whole lot easier for people to get off, because it would basically be he say, she say information, but the fact of having to actually go to court and testify under oath, puts you in a whole entire ball field so it helps in a lot of ways, because not only does it help the d defense but it helps the prosecutors also. The right to an impartial jury basically means that, the jurors who they select for the trial know absolutely no one who is on the trial, none of the attorneys, the judge, the defendant or the plaintiff. They also can’t know anything about the trial. No one on the jury can be biased. If this legal right wasn’t upheld then the ruling of the case, wouldn’t be fair and there would be a lot of people taking different sides just because of the person that they know. It wouldn’t be fair to the defendant or the plaintiff, because if the jury knew something about the case or knew of the person who committed the crime or of the person who the crime was committed upon then the jury would have mixed feelings and would probably never reach a decision which could cause a hung jury, which would probably let a criminal walk free. Also if anyone in the jury knew the judge, the prosecutor or the defense lawyer and they worked one of their cases or convicted them of a crime previously then they would probably just choose a side out of spite. Having an impartial jury is not only good for the defendant, but also for the prosecutor and plaintiff also, because if there was someone on the jury that had something against the plaintiff or prosecutor then they would probably just choose in favor of the defense just because of the grudge that they had against that party. The right to counsel means that the defendant has the right to have the assistance to counsel in the defendants defense and if they can’t afford one then one would be appointed to them by the court. If this right wasn’t upheld then there would be a lot of cases that would probably be ruled in favor of the plaintiff just because of the lack of knowledge of the defendant. Also there would probably be a lot of criminals behind bars, because then they wouldn’t have a lawyer to speak on there be half and try to work out a lighter sentence on their behalf. There probably would not be as many probation officers, because with the defendant’s being locked up then the options of them having probation or community service would be cut out of the picture. With a lawyer they help out the defendant’s a lot in trials, because the lawyer can work with the prosecutor and come up with many other options other than jail time. They can also help the defendant and show them ways and other things to do before trial to help them get a lesser or lighter sentence. Without the criminals having the right to counsel then there would be a lot of wrongful accusations on the defendant’s side also it would be easier for the jury to side with the prosecutor because with the lack of knowledge the defendant probably wouldn’t be able to get the information that they need for trial together. The right to be competent at trial means that in order to stand trial a criminal defendant must be in there right state of mind and understand the nature and extent of the legal proceedings. Also if the defendant is considered mentally unstable then the trial must be postponed until treatment renders him capable of participating in his own defense (Larry J. Siegel, 2012, 2010). If this right was no longer upheld then every trial would be unfair and a lot of mentally unstable people would be in jail instead of getting proper treatment in the right facility. Also if it wasn’t upheld then the defendant wouldn’t be able to render the treatment that he/she needs to be able to stand trial. Also the criminal would probably try to act as his own counsel which, because they aren’t in there right state of mind and say or do things that he/she wouldn’t understand, because they aren’t in there right state of mind and would they would get a harsher sentence for the crime. There are so many things that could go wrong if these legal rights weren’t in place. There are many cases that has happened and that’s why we have these legal rights to day. In my opinion I feel that these rights are in effect for good reasons, because regardless of the person everyone should have rights. Without these legal rights there would be so much corruption and wrong doing in the courts today.

Napoleon Bonaparte Essay -- Papers

Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon saved France from a horrible situation. He extended the French territory to bring hope to the French people, and brings revolution to Europe. Napoleon Bonaparte never gave up hope for France. Napoleon Bonaparte was born on August 15, 1769. No Bonaparte except for Napoleon became a professional soldier or was good at war. His father Carlo fought for Corsican independence, but after the French took over the island he served. He became prosecutor and judge and entered the French aristocracy. Napoleon had a good education and exceptional military training. His father secured a scholarship for him to go to the French military school at Brienne. When he was in school he a lot of his time and effort into his studies. Then in 1794,when he was 15,he graduated 42nd in his class of 58. He wanted more education after he graduated. He spent a year at the Military Academy in Paris. Then he was commissioned a second lieutenant in artillery. Napoleon was the head of an artillery brigade at the siege of Toulon where there was a British fleet. The British were driven out, and Napoleon was given a promotion to General of Brigade. In February of 1794 Napoleon was assigned to the French army in Italy. In October 5, 1795 a revolt broke out in Paris because of protesting the new constitution introduced by the Convection. Napoleon was ordered to defend the convection and was helped by Joachim Murat cannons. He was able to stop the revolting within four months. The Directory rewarded him with the appointment as commander of the army of the interior. In March of 1796 Napoleon began operations to divide and defeat the .. ... to navigate rivers that formed boundaries between states. Also the congress reestablished the balance of power among the countries of Europe. Napoleon never really abused his power he remained a fair leader to the people of France all of his life. Napoleon has been referred to as the "first modern dictator," because he didn't abuse his power compared to other leaders in western civilization. Napoleon cared more about the well being of the French people, and didn't care about getting money from the government. Napoleon's achievements and goals should be evaluated in a good way. Because he wasn't a tyrant, he achieved those most of his goals in a civilized way. Napoleon was one of the more fair, and better leaders than the ones that came earlier in historyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.. But his wife was a whore! (Had to throw that in jokingly)

Collective bargaining

Eighty five percent of renegotiation strikes are attributed to economics. Question 6 5 out Of 5 points Where represented employees cross picket lines, the union's bargaining power is decreased because their crossing increases the employer's ability to operate. True Question 7 In a slowdown, employees can seldom be disciplined because they are complying with the contract Question 8 In a single-employer negotiation, there is a dire need to defend against a whipsaw. False Question 9 Private sector fact finders are not very successful on distributive bargaining Issues. Question 10IS called after a contract expires and usually after there is an impasse to pressure the employer to settle on the union's terms. An economic strike Question 11 A slowdown most often involves working to rules. Question 12 strikes most frequently involve plant administration issues and generally last three days or less. Wildcat Question 13 Under the Taft-Hartley Act, if the parties are at an impasse and the contr act has expired, in most circumstances the union is free to strike and the employer is free to lock out employees. Question 14 Sometimes the objects of a strike move from place to place, such as a ship Ewing struck by a seafarers union.Which type of picketing is likely in such situations? Ambulatory site Question 15 An initiative explores a company's business activity to uncover possible regulatory violations, tries to identify closely linked corporations, and analyzes its financial statements. The second phase involves publicizing items detrimental to the employer's interests that support the union's demands. What is this initiative an example of? Corporate campaign Question 16 Which of the following firms might find it feasible to continue to operate using supervisors and other nonproductive workers?A firm with continuous flow operations Question 17 Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service mediators almost always have prior experience in negotiating contracts from the management perspective. Question 18 According to a study, mediation strategies most often cited by unions as hastening settlement included devising an improved negotiating framework. Question 19 Why are mediators unlikely to influence the direction of the outcome? Because their concern is not what either party achieves. Question 20 Which of the following observations concerning boycotts is true? Boycotts are seldom used. TEST 05 Results DisplayedSubmitted Answers, Incorrectly Answered Questions Where strikes are banned, grievance rates are higher, particularly on economic issues. Public sector labor relations are similar across the 50 states. Duty-to-bargain laws substantially increase unionization beyond other public policy measures favorable to public sector unions. A study of firefighters' negotiations found that several factors predicted positive union outcomes. Which of these factors reflects multilateral bargaining? Elected official intervention at impasse What is the relationship betwe en the costs of arbitration and the likelihood of parties negotiating their own settlement? Collective Bargaining Granville contract is due to expire soon. Therefore, we will be negotiating a new contract for the plant employees. We plan to get a commitment from the management for a strong contract comparable to the hard work done by our brothers and sisters In Granville. Our task at hand may be difficult due to the Introductory of a new plant, and technology, but, we shall persevere. The economy Is year. We would like to get our goals accomplished by working together with management through compromise and aligning our contract along with the business strategy.But, if there is a failure to reach a compromise, we will use the leverages of work slow-down, strike, and boycott. We plan to strive for better wages, dual control of technological and location change, pension increase, and the approval of the SUB plan. We have worked diligently for competitive contracts In the past and a better life for all employees nation wide. Lobbying with Congress through our affiliate unions, we have made considera ble strides for all employees throughout the nation. This Includes the Family Leave Act, which granted the rights of employees to take time off to spend with a new child or sick family member.We have also worked toward the initiation of the unfair Labor Act, which granted employees the ability to bring litigation against unlawful discharge of employment. Wages Our first major issue is wages. The employees of Granville have stressed the need to have a considerable wage increase, due to the ever increasing cost of living and need for alignment with industry standards. We will strive for a competitive wage and cost of living Increase that will give the employees as larger pay scale to be accessed. As of now, 75% of our workforce is at the top of the pay scale with marginal cost of living Increases annually.We would like a major change In this area. Technology Our second major Issue Is Installation of new technology. The employees have concerns about being displaced due to new equipment being used at the Newton plant. There is not yet an official decision to move equipment or employees to that plant as of yet, but it could cause a decline in the number employed at Granville. We plan to ask the company for more specific information on their plans for the technological investments. If the equipment shall be used at Granville, we do not want any displacement, and will strive for cross-training of all skilled and semi-skilled employees.Layoffs Third, there is concern for layoffs if the technological investment affects the number employed at Granville. We will make every effort to gain approval of the SUB plan. This will allow employees knowledge of the plant downsizing or closure. It will also provide them with adequate compensation for being discharged. Employees are willing to take a $. 25 tradeoff If It Is approved. Retirement Benefits Forth, the older workers are especially concerned with this area. A 75% of pay at the will strive for these benefits due to the dec line of the Social Security system in our economy.Our employees need this demand granted for the protection of their senior years. Employees are willing to acquiesce too $. 35 trade-off for increased retirement benefits. Working Conditions Lastly, the health plan, vacation, and holidays will be reviewed as possible trade-offs with management. These items will add to the living conditions of the Granville employees. The highest possible gains possible in negotiation will be sought. And in conclusion, we feel that dual participation with management is very important. A successful agreement can be reached through mutuality and compromise among OTOH parties. Collective bargaining Eighty five percent of renegotiation strikes are attributed to economics. Question 6 5 out Of 5 points Where represented employees cross picket lines, the union's bargaining power is decreased because their crossing increases the employer's ability to operate. True Question 7 In a slowdown, employees can seldom be disciplined because they are complying with the contract Question 8 In a single-employer negotiation, there is a dire need to defend against a whipsaw. False Question 9 Private sector fact finders are not very successful on distributive bargaining Issues. Question 10IS called after a contract expires and usually after there is an impasse to pressure the employer to settle on the union's terms. An economic strike Question 11 A slowdown most often involves working to rules. Question 12 strikes most frequently involve plant administration issues and generally last three days or less. Wildcat Question 13 Under the Taft-Hartley Act, if the parties are at an impasse and the contr act has expired, in most circumstances the union is free to strike and the employer is free to lock out employees. Question 14 Sometimes the objects of a strike move from place to place, such as a ship Ewing struck by a seafarers union.Which type of picketing is likely in such situations? Ambulatory site Question 15 An initiative explores a company's business activity to uncover possible regulatory violations, tries to identify closely linked corporations, and analyzes its financial statements. The second phase involves publicizing items detrimental to the employer's interests that support the union's demands. What is this initiative an example of? Corporate campaign Question 16 Which of the following firms might find it feasible to continue to operate using supervisors and other nonproductive workers?A firm with continuous flow operations Question 17 Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service mediators almost always have prior experience in negotiating contracts from the management perspective. Question 18 According to a study, mediation strategies most often cited by unions as hastening settlement included devising an improved negotiating framework. Question 19 Why are mediators unlikely to influence the direction of the outcome? Because their concern is not what either party achieves. Question 20 Which of the following observations concerning boycotts is true? Boycotts are seldom used. TEST 05 Results DisplayedSubmitted Answers, Incorrectly Answered Questions Where strikes are banned, grievance rates are higher, particularly on economic issues. Public sector labor relations are similar across the 50 states. Duty-to-bargain laws substantially increase unionization beyond other public policy measures favorable to public sector unions. A study of firefighters' negotiations found that several factors predicted positive union outcomes. Which of these factors reflects multilateral bargaining? Elected official intervention at impasse What is the relationship betwe en the costs of arbitration and the likelihood of parties negotiating their own settlement?

Indian Legal History: Sultanate Period Essay

The Delhi Sultanate is a term used to cover five short-lived dynasties, Delhi based kingdoms or sultanates, mostly of Turkic and Pashtun (Afghan) origin in medieval India. The sultanates ruled from Delhi between 1206 and 1526, when the last was replaced by the Mughal Dynasty. The five dynasties were the Mamluk dynasty (1206–90); the Khilji dynasty (1290–1320); the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414); the Sayyid dynasty (1414–51); and the Afghan Lodi dynasty (1451–1526). (i) Administrative Units: The civil administration of the sultanate was headed by the Sultan and his Chief Minister (Wazir; à ¦â€°Ã  ¦Å"à ¦ ¿Ã  ¦ °). The sultanate was divided into administrative divisions from the province (Subah) to the village level. The province was the composition of districts (Sarkars). Each district was further divided into parganas. A group of villages constituted a pargana. (ii) Constitution of Courts: The Mediaeval India the Sultan, being head of the State. was the supreme authority to administer justice in his kingdom. It was one of the important functions of the Sultan. It was done in three stages: Diwan-e-Qaza (arbitrator à ¦ ¬Ã  ¦ ¿Ã  ¦Å¡Ã  ¦ ¾Ã  ¦ °Ã  ¦â€¢), Diwan-e-Mazalim (Head of bureaucracy à ¦ ªÃ  § Ã  ¦ °Ã  ¦ §Ã  ¦ ¾Ã  ¦ ¨ à ¦ ªÃ  § Ã  ¦ °Ã  ¦ ¶Ã  ¦ ¾Ã  ¦ ¸Ã  ¦ ¨Ã  ¦ ¿Ã  ¦â€¢ à ¦â€¢Ã  ¦ °Ã  § Ã  ¦ ®Ã  ¦â€¢Ã  ¦ °Ã  § Ã  ¦ ¤Ã  ¦ ¾), Diwan-e-Siyasat (Commander-in-Chief of forces à ¦ ¸Ã  §â€¡Ã  ¦ ¨Ã  ¦ ¾Ã  ¦ ªÃ  ¦ ¤Ã  ¦ ¿). The courts were required to seek his prior approval before awarding the capital punishment (à ¦ «Ã  ¦ ¾Ã  ¦ Ã  ¦ ¸Ã  ¦ ¿ à ¦ ¦Ã  §â€¡Ã  ¦â€œÃ  §Å¸Ã  ¦ ¾Ã  ¦ ° à ¦â€ Ã  ¦â€"à §â€¡ à ¦â€¢Ã  §â€¹Ã  ¦ °Ã  § Ã  ¦Å¸Ã  ¦â€¢Ã  §â€¡ à ¦ ¸Ã  § Ã  ¦ ²Ã  ¦ ¤Ã  ¦ ¾Ã  ¦ ¨Ã  §â€¡Ã  ¦ ° à ¦â€¦Ã  ¦ ¨Ã  § Ã  ¦ ®Ã  ¦ ¤Ã  ¦ ¿ à ¦ ¨Ã  ¦ ¿Ã  ¦ ¤Ã  §â€¡ à ¦ ¹Ã  ¦â€¡Ã  ¦ ¤Ã  §â€¹) The judicial system under the Sultan was organized based on administrative divisions of the kingdom. It was classified in a systematic divisions of courts and the powers and jurisdiction of each court was clearly defined. 1. Central Capital: Six Courts which were established at the capital of the Sultanate are follow: a. The King’s Court b. Diwan-e-Mazalim c. Diwan-e-Risalat d. Sadre Johan’s Court e. Chief Justice’s Court f. Diwan-e-Siyasat The King’s Court was presided over by the Sultan. It has both original and appellate jurisdiction on all kinds of cases. It was the highest court of appeal. The Sultan was assisted by two Muftis (highly qualified in law). Diwan-e-mazalim: The court of Diwan-e-Mazalim was the highest court of criminal appeal and the Court of Diwan-e-Risalat was the highest court of civil appeal. The Chief Justice was the second highest officer next to the Sultan. The court of Ecclesiastical cases (à ¦ §Ã  ¦ °Ã  § Ã  ¦ ® à ¦ ¸Ã  ¦â€šÃ  ¦â€¢Ã  § Ã  ¦ °Ã  ¦ ¾Ã  ¦ ¨Ã  § Ã  ¦ ¤ à ¦â€¢Ã  §â€¡Ã  ¦ ¸)was transferred to the Sadre Johan. The court of Diwan-e-Siyasat was constituted to deal with the case of rebels (à ¦ ¬Ã  ¦ ¿Ã  ¦ ¦Ã  § Ã  ¦ °Ã  §â€¹Ã  ¦ ¹Ã  §â‚¬Ã  ¦ ¦Ã  §â€¡Ã  ¦ ° à ¦â€¢Ã  §â€¡Ã  ¦ ¸ à ¦ ¨Ã  ¦ ¿Ã  §Å¸Ã  §â€¡). The Chief Justice’s Court was established in 1206. It was presided over by the Chief Justice and dealt with all kinds of cases. (b) Provinces: In each province(Subah; à ¦ ¸Ã  § Ã  ¦ ¬Ã  ¦ ¾Ã  ¦ ¹)had five courts namely, Adalat Nazim Subah, Adalat Qazi-e-Subah, Governor’s Bench (Nazim Subah’s Bench), Diwan-e-Subah and Sadre-e-Subah. Adalat Nazim Subah was the Governor’s (Subedar; à ¦ ¸Ã  § Ã  ¦ ¬Ã  ¦ ¾Ã  ¦ ¦Ã  ¦ ¾Ã  ¦ °) Court. In the provinces the Sultan was represented by him. He exercised original and appellate jurisdiction like the Sultan.. While exercising his appellate jurisdiction, the Governor(à ¦ ¸Ã  § Ã  ¦ ¬Ã  ¦ ¾Ã  ¦ ¦Ã  ¦ ¾Ã  ¦ °) sat with the Qazi-e-Subah. From the decision of this bench, a final appeal was allowed to be filed in Central Court of Delhi. Adalat Qazi-e-Subah was presided over by the Chief Provincial Qazi. He was empowered to try civil and criminal cases. Appeals form this court made to the Adalat Nazim-e-Subah. The Court of Diwan-e-Subah was the final authority in the province in all cases concerning land revenue. The Sadre-e-Subah was the Chief Ecclesiastical Officer in the province. He represented Sadre Johan, in Subah matters relating to grant of stipend, lands etc. (c) Districts: In each district (Sarkar) at he district headquarter, six courts ware established namely: Qazi, Dadbaks or Mir Adls, Faujdars, Sadre, Amils and Kotwals. The Court of the District was empowered to hear all original civil and criminal cases. Appeals were also filed before this court from the judgements of the Pargana Qazis, Kotwals and village pachayats. The court was presided over by the District Qazi who appointed on the recommendation of the Qazi-e-Subah or directly by Sadre Johan. (d) Parganas: At each pargana headquarter two courts were established, namely, Qazi-e-Pargana and Kotwal. The court of Qazi-e-Pargana had all the powers of a District Qazi in all civil and criminal cases except hearing appeals. Petty criminal cases were filed before the Kotwal. He was the Principal Executive Officer in towns. (e) Villages: A pargana was divided into a group of villages. For each group of villages there was a village assembly or panchayet. It’s a body of five leading men to look after the executive and judicial affairs. The Sarpanch or Chairman was appointed by the Nazim or the Faujder. The Panchayets decided civil and criminal cases of a purely local character. (iii) Judicial Reforms of Sher Shah: In 1540 Sher Shah laid the foundations of Sur Dynasty in India after defeating the Mughal Emperor Humayun, son of Babar. Sher Shah ruled only for five years. he introduced various remarkable reforms in the administrative and judicial system fo his kingdom. His important judicial reforms as follows:- 1. . Sher Shah introduced the system of having the pargans, separate courts of first instance for civil and criminal cases. At each pargana, he stationed a Civil Judge called Munsif. 2. When a Munsif was appointed, his duties were specifically enumerated. 3. The duties of Governors and their deputies regarding the preservation of law and order were emphasised. 4. Moqoddomas or heads of the village Councils ware recognized amd were ordered to prevent theft and robberies. In cases of robberies, they were made up to pay for the loss sustained by the victim. Police regulations were now drawn up for the first time in India. 5. The judicial officers below the Chief Provincial Qazi were transferred after every two or three years. The practice continued in British India. 6. The Chief Qazi of the province or the Qazi-ul-Quzat was the some cases authorized to report directly to the Emperor on the conduct of the Governor.

The application and implementation of short term and long

The application and implementation of short term and long Introduction For any given Company, Business, Firm or Organization, it is the paramount duty of that Institution’s Human Resources or Compensation Committee to recognize the crucial role people play in the achievement of both the Institution’s short-term and long-term objectives as a key source of gaining advantage over its competitors1.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The application and implementation of short term and long-term remuneration reward plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, for the Institution to grow and become successful it must not only be able to attract talented and capable employees, but also to retain and motivate such employees. Employee remuneration thus becomes one of strategies that are employed by successful institutions to not only attract and retain top talents, but also as a strategy to remove ineffective and under-performing employees.2 To enforce this, such Ins titutions employ short term and long-term remuneration and reward plans. The United State of Florida defines short-term rewards and benefits as benefits payable to individuals in an affected unit under an approved short-time compensation plan.3 In the general sense, short-term compensation refers to a pay strategy where evaluations of an individual or organizational performance have significant sway on the amount of pay increases or bonuses given to each employee.4 It may also refer to a system of compensation where employees are paid according the amount of hours, extra sales or targets achieved by an employee.5 In this remuneration scheme, employers are spared the expense of recruiting, hiring, and training new personnel. In turn, the employees are spared the hardships of full-time unemployment thus a more flexible means of working. Long-term rewards and compensation scheme is aimed towards the attraction and retention of capable employees to enable an institution achieve its long -term goals and objectives. This means that a company can afford to spend more money on training, recruiting and hiring new employees.6Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It therefore includes the payment of salaries, house allowances, insurance and other benefits payable to an employee as stipulated by the law.7 This makes this reward scheme to be deemed by employees more financially secure and sustainable. New University graduate students often require financial security with a vision of becoming top professionals within their respective careers. They therefore prefer a long-term rewards and benefits plan that offers security in employment and an incentive to excel in their careers. Whereas in the past most employers remuneration strategies were rigid and did not allow for creativity,8 present remuneration strategies require creativity on the part of the employer w ith employee motivation and welfare placed at the centre of these strategies.9 This now entails the payment of perquisites, commissions, bonuses, special awards, profit sharing, stock options and cost reduction incentives.10 This report will therefore examine how these long-term and short-term remuneration and reward plans are implemented and measured to remove ineffective and under-performing employees at the modern day work place. The Justification of Long-Term and Short-Term Rewards Plan The introduction of a pay for performance remuneration system provides the best platform to employ both long-term and short-term remuneration and reward plan to remove ineffective and under-performing employees at the modern day work place. This is because the system links a worker’s pay to some measure of personal or organizational pay performance, usually through an official performance assessment.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The application and implementat ion of short term and long-term remuneration reward plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, ineffective employees under this system of remuneration can be easily identified due to their incapacity to meet the company’s goals and targets hence excluded from payment of incentives. This will eventually create room for dismissal such employees. Pay for performance system can include a variety of rewards for exceeding average performance. One such reward is the payment of bonuses. Bonuses represent an amount of pay that is â€Å"at risk† every year. This is in contrast to basic pay, which is fixed, and primarily reflects an employee’s market value, and thus bonuses ought to depend solely on performance. When the employee excels, he may receive a sizable bonus, but if the employee’s performance is lower, he may not receive a bonus and his salary drops to the base rate.11 As a result, above average employees are assured a certain salary, with the prospective for earning more. On the other hand, ineffective and under performing employees do not earn any extra rewards and are thus encouraged to either raise their performances or face lay offs. Payment of bonuses is a justifiable motivation tool for employees because they give employees the much needed extra incentive to work harder to augment the base rate wage thereby increasing the company’s wages. In fact, market trends indicate that bonuses increased employee motivation levels by up to 10%.12It should however be noted that bonuses should be payable to excellent employees only on a yearly basis. Performance-based compensation increases are another form of short-term rewards that can be incorporated into long-term remuneration to offer incentives to high-performing employees in a company. In contrast to bonuses, performance-based pay increases are integrated into the employee’s base pay and are generally only adjusted upward. Organizations may differ in how they move staff through the performance-based wage scales. Some pay systems include predetermined levels, which employees step through in an orderly manner, while others allow the supervisors to determine salary amounts anywhere within a broad range.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When the employee’s performance warrants a raise, the employee receives an increase. The main difference of performance-based compensation increase with bonuses is that whereas bonus is paid annually, performance based-compensation increases are permanent. Hence, an ineffective employee cannot be entitled to a raise where his/her performance does not warrant a raise. The offering of the company’s stake through stock options is a long-term remuneration strategy that is employed to attract and retain highly qualified individuals, especially at the management levels. Company’s and top institutions have realized that in order to retain top talents within their institutions, they need to offer a sought of entitlement to their top performers to tie them to the company. This is a paradigm shift from past practices where employers thought that the mere payment of hefty of hefty wages was enough to tie top talents to their companies. Commission is generally based on the performance of an individual or team and is commonly applied to sales people. It is usually paid sales people either individually or as a group depending on the number of sales made or the targets achieved by the employees either individually or as a group. Commissions may offer an attractive pay to employees who are highly active in their jobs and are an extra source of income for employees who reach and exceed their targets. In recent times, employers have been creative with the use of commissions to motivate highly productive employees. As opposed to the past practice of basing employees’ base pay on commission, employers may pay a sizeable amount of pay and leave the bulk of pay to be on commission per sale made by the employees. In this way, highly productive employees take home the base pay in addition to the percentage of the commission of the sales they make. This gives the employee a chance to earn a lot more money through commissions. On the side of the employer, it is a plus sign as the employer stands a chance of making more sales from increased merchandise sales. It also creates a healthy competition among the workers who may try overriding their colleagues in the sale of the company’s product. Many employers take advantage of this by introducing individual awards such as ‘best individual performer’ whereby the winner may also be awarded with the further payment of a bonus award. In such a scenario, ineffective employees who are unable to meet the targets or are unable to compete with the rest may voluntarily resign from the work. This remuneration strategy thus be utilized to remove ineffective and under-performing employees and to retain valued and talented employees. Conclusion Employee remuneration and rewards strategies should be flexible to meet the changing dynamics of the modern day employment needs. They should therefore not only incorporate strategies to retain effective talent, but also to get rid of ineffecti ve and unproductive employees. By thus adopting and implementing the aforementioned remuneration strategies that incorporate both the long-term and shot-term remuneration strategies, a modern day employer is able to remove ineffective and under-performing employees while on the other hand retaining valued and talented employees. Bibliography A Report to the President and the Congress of the United States by the U.S. Merit  Systems Australian and International Experience. October 2, 2011. P.5 pc.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/89884/sub089.pdf Coulson J. Scot, ‘Module 6: Remuneration Strategies’,  pc.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/89884/sub089.pdf Day, John and Fitton, Gary. Best practice long-term incentive based remuneration:  The Australian and International Experience. October 2, 2010. Pp7-13.  www.sasknetwork.ca/html/Employers/hr/Module6-Remuneration.pdf Labor Section 443.011, Title XXXI of the Florida Statutes  http://law.onecle.com/florida/labor/4 43.1115.html Michael C. Jensen, ‘Remuneration: Where we’ve been, how we got to here, what are  the Problems, and how to fix them’ p.20 Protection Board, Designing an Effective Pay for Performance Compensation System  mspb.gov/netsearch/viewdocs.aspx?docnumber=224104version=224323application=ACROBAT Randall S. Hansen, ‘Responding to Requests for Salary Requirements or Salary  Histories: Resource-Management. As at October 2, 2011. Specke, John. Human Resource Management Strategies and Suggestions. 2nd October  2011. P.3  quintcareers.com/salary_histories_requirements.html Stone, R.J. Human Resource Management. Queensland: John Wiley Sons. Footnotes 1 John C. Specke, Human Resource Management p.3 scribd.com/doc/510458/Human-Resource-Management as at 2nd October 2011. 2 A Report to the President and the Congress of the United States by the U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board, Designing an Effective Pay for Performance Compensation System. Available a t mspb.gov/netsearch/viewdocs.aspx?docnumber=224104version=224323application=ACROBAT 3Labor Section 443.011, Title XXXI of the Florida Statutes 4 Supra note 2, p.1 5 Michael C. Jensen, ‘Remuneration: Where we’ve been, how we got to here, what are the problems, and how to fix them’ p.20 6 John K Day and Gary D Fitton, ‘Best practice long term incentive based Remuneration: The Australian and International Experience’ p.5 pc.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/89884/sub089.pdf as at 2nd October 2011 7 Ibid. 8 Randall S. Hansen, ‘Responding to Requests for Salary Requirements or Salary Histories: Strategies and Suggestions’ quintcareers.com/salary_histories_requirements.html. 2nd October 2011. 9 Coulson J. Scot, ‘Module 6: Remuneration Strategies’, www.sasknetwork.ca/html/Employers/hr/Module6-Remuneration.pdf Pp7-13 2nd October. 10 Ibid. 11 Supra note 2 at p.14 12 Supra note 2 Figure 2 at p.15

Characterization of Hadley

Characterization of Hadley Ernest Hemingway remembers his time in Paris fondly in his memoir A Moveable Feast. The book tells about his writing process and other fond memories in Paris with his wife, Hadley. Hemingway often refers to Hadley strictly as his wife, but he eventually makes a transition from calling her his wife to Hadley. Throughout the book, Hemingway characterizes Hadley as a fun-loving, supportive wife. While Hemingway’s book has no chronological order, he uses this subtle transition to mark a divide in his and Hadley’s relationship. Hemingway tells the reader about his experiences in Paris and about his encounters with other famous authors. The first chapter of the book starts out with Hemingway describing his cafe where he prefers to write. At the end of the chapter, he mentions a brief conversation with his wife about a vacation that they want to take. He describes her, â€Å"She had a lovely modeled face and her eyes and her smile lighted up at decisions as though they were rich presents† (Hemingway 19). With a simple description of his wife, Hemingway allows his dialogue to be the center focus rather than elaborately describing his wife. The imagery Hemingway uses to describe the way she responds to a decision to go on a vacation shows how she sees the vacation; she thinks of the vacation as a rich present that she does not often get. Since Hemingway is so set on going on this trip, his wife delights in going. She supports Hemingway’s decision to leave Paris, so he may write about Paris. Hadley also supports Hemingway when he decides to grow his hair out long. She even decides to cut her hair to the same length as Hemingway has his, so they may grow their hair out together. One of the bigger decisions Hemingway makes during this Parisian time is to bet on horse races. Hadley asks Hemingway, â€Å"Do we have enough money to really bet, Tatie?† (42). At this point in Hemingway’s career, he is still writing for newspapers, and he has submitted some short stories to be published. The Hemingways are nowhere near being rich, but they do not think themselves poor either. They certainly do not have the spare money to gamble on horse races, but Hadley supports Hemingway anyway: â€Å"I think we ought to go†¦ We haven’t been for such a long time† (43). Hemingway even says that he has been tight with any income that they have, so when he wants to gamble what little surplus, if one could call it that, that they have, Hadley still supports him. Hemingway conveys how deep his and Hadley’s relationship is in a specific scene, â€Å"It was a wonderful meal at Michaud’s after we got in; but when we had finished and there was no question of hunger any more the feeling that had been like hunger when we were on the bridge was still there when we caught the bus home† (49). He shows in this scene that their hunger was not only a physical feeling, but it was a longing for something more. Hemingway knew his wife so well that he could tell that she felt hungry in the same way he did. Hemingway shows with this scene that he and Hadley had a strong bond which only makes their divorce more tragic. In the sixth chapter of the book, Hemingway uses Hadley’s name for the first time instead of referring to her as his wife. While this may seem insignificant, it has a deeper meaning behind it. The chapters of A Moveable Feast are not in chronological order, so this switch in reference to Hadley could symbolize the beginnings of how Hemingway and Hadley’s relationship started to deteriorate. In chapter sixteen, Hemingway closes the chapter with a discussion about the end of his relationship with Hadley. He states, â€Å"Hadley and I had become too confident in each other and careless in our confidence and pride† (123). He starts this brief discussion with saying that they had grown too relaxed in their relationship. Later on he states, â€Å" Hadley †¦ came well out of it and married a much finer man than I ever was or could hope to be and is happy and deserves it† (123). Hemingway intimately knows Hadley, and he recognizes that she was not to blame fo r their marriage ending. He still cares for her happiness because she was his wife and mother to his first child. From chapter six to chapter sixteen, Hemingway rarely calls Hadley his wife. These chapters take place during the time that they had â€Å"become too confident in each other.† Hemingway distances himself from Hadley through work, and his marriage falls apart. How does Hemingway see Hadley completely? He sees her as a dedicated wife who supports him in his writing career, someone with whom he can relate to on a deeper level, and ultimately as a woman who deserves someone better than Hemingway himself. He captures her true personality through the conversations he includes in A Moveable Feast. Since his marriage to Hadley ended in divorce, Hemingway could have skewed the reader’s perception of Hadley into a spiteful woman, but he chose to remain mostly unbiased in his characterization of her. Hemingway remembers his time in Paris with Hadley as a mostly happy time in his life, and he wants the reader to experience Paris as he did. He approaches his memories with Hadley free of noticeable bias, and he provides the reader an accurate description of his first wife. Hadley Hemingway was incredibly supportive of Ernest during his years as a struggling author, and she appreciated the simpler life they led compared to the richer lives that s ome of Hemingway’s friends lived. Ultimately, Hemingway knew Hadley deserved better than he was or could provide for her at the time. He still cherished their time together, and he did not want to taint those memories with the bitterness a divorce can bring. He loved Hadley and only wanted to show his readers how much life she helped him lived in Paris during those five years of marriage.

Review article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

Review - Article Example Thain, Hall and Miller (951) thus investigated the rhythmic expression of a particular gene using a bioluminescent luciferase reporter gene. For this purpose, three promoters (PHYB, CHS and CAB) in a transgenic Arabidopsis plant were monitored in the presence of light/dark treatments to specific tissue areas. The study showed that plants have circadian clocks spaced throughout them. These clocks are autonomous and are not controlled by a localized pace maker, unlike animals. These regulate the gene expression in plants. The independent circadian rhythms are synchronized by independent and simultaneous entrainment of the clocks. The circadian system is less accurate but highly flexible. One question that this paper might raise is the significance of autonomy of the localized circadian clocks. How the organism is able to be regulated as a whole might be the subject of future study. Another question that is raised by this study is what advantage (evolutionary or functional advantage) does the more flexible yet less accurate circadian timing provide to the